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In support of NOAA Research Science Priorities on Atmospheric Composition for Sustaining a Healthy Environment & Economy, the GReenhouse gas And Air Pollutants Emissions System (GRA2PES) models and maps emissions, and which can be input into NOAA's next generation Unified Forecast System with Chemistry (UFS-Chem) model. A primary focus of this research effort is to enhance predictions of air quality and composition changes in support of public health and the economy. Emission inventories are critical inputs to weather models in predicting atmospheric composition.
This capability currently utilizes publicly accessible emissions activity data from multiple economic sectors, including energy production, manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and land use, among others. The initiative involves the development of "bottom-up" emission data and uncertainty evaluation at spatial and temporal resolutions relevant to both improving air quality prediction at city, state, and regional levels. In the future, GRA2PES will also assimilate environmental and meteorological observations from various atmospheric measurement platforms (ground, airborne, satellite) to evaluate and refine emission information and uncertainties.
GRA2PES provides emissions for each year at 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution with year, month, day-of-week, and diurnal temporal information. Specifically, GRA2PES utilizes datasets from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and leverages a few well evaluated inventories for specific sectors, including the Fuel-based Oil and Gas (FOG) inventory, the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVE), and the Volatile Chemical Products (VCP) inventory. Additional years will be added in the future. For a technical explanation of the data see the ReadMe .
During the 2021 Southwest Urban NOx and VOC Experiment (SUNVEx), radiocarbon measurements from 3 sites in Los Angeles were taken from Programmable Flask Packages (PFPs) at around 2pm local time. PFPs were analysed to determine 14C:C ratios so that 14C-derived fossil fuel CO2 mixing ratios could be determined. These 14C-derived fossil fuel CO2 mixing ratios were used to evaluate the performance of the GRA2PES inventory in a chemical transport model and are available for download in ICARTT data format.
Gorchov Negron, A.M., B.C. McDonald, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, R. Ahmadov, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M.G. Hastings, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Development of a fuel-based oil and gas inventory of nitrogen oxides emissions, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02245, 2018.
Francoeur, C.B., B.C. McDonald, J.B. Gilman, K.J. Zarzana, B. Dix, S.S. Brown, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M. Li, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Quantifying methane and ozone precursor emissions from oil and gas production regions across the continental US, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07352, 2021.
McDonald, B.C., Z.C. McBride, E.W. Martin, and R.A. Harley, High-resolution mapping of motor vehicle carbon dioxide emissions, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1002/2013JD021219, 2014
Harkins, C., B. C. McDonald, D. K. Henze, and C. Wiedinmyer, A fuel-based method for updating mobile source emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, Environmental Research Letters, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac0660, 2021.
McDonald, B.C., J.A. de Gouw, J.B. Gilman, S.H. Jathar, A. Akherati, C.D. Cappa, J.L. Jimenez, J. Lee-Taylor, P.L. Hayes, S.A. McKeen, Y.Y. Cui, S.-W. Kim, D.R. Gentner, G. Isaacman-VanWertz, A.H. Goldstein, R.A. Harley, G.J. Frost, J.M. Roberts, T.B. Ryerson, and M. Trainer, Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions, Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaq0524, 2018.
